智慧財產權月刊 184 期 - page 7

103.04 智慧財產權月刊 VOL.184
7
本月專題
探討發明單一性之專利審查實務
貳、USPTO有關單ㄧ性相關法規及事例
一、相關法規及審查基準內容
美國專利法第
121
4
規定:「若ㄧ發明專利申請案,存在有二個或二個以上
之獨立且不同的發明時,審查委員可要求申請人進行選取以將該申請案限制在其
中ㄧ個發明。其他未被選取之發明,若欲尋求專利保護時,可另外提出分割申請
」。亦即,依據ㄧ專利ㄧ發明(
One patent One invention
)之概念以及原則,於
主張權利之標的若可以區分為實質不同之請求標的,而可以分割,則審查委員可
依此要求申請人依法選取/限制,以進行實質審查。
美國專利法施行細則第
1.141
5
規定:「二個或以上的獨立且不同的發明,
不能在一件美國專利申請案中提出。但如果在一個發明概念下的多個實施態樣,
若有一個可以涵蓋所有實施態樣的可核准專利範圍(通常是獨立項),則可以一
件專利申請案提出與核准專利。專利範圍有三種類型,產品、製程與使用方法,
若一件專利同時界定這三種類型的發明,當審查委員提出限制/選擇時,僅能針
對其中的製程與產品(
can only bemadewhere the process of making is distinct from
the product
)。而且,即便表明了產品與使用方法的區隔性,如果產品與製程並
非可區隔,使用方法仍可以與產品與製程連結」。另外,美國專利法施行細則第
1.143
6
的規定中,如果申請人不同意
USPTO
發出的限制要求,可以提出理由而
要求重新考慮,並撤回或修改此限制選擇。但申請人即便提出這樣的請求,仍需
要在當下提出一個選擇,稱為暫時選擇(
provisional election
)。
4
35 U.S.C. 121 Divisional applications
:「
If two or more independent and distinct inventions are
claimed in one application, the Director may require the application to be restricted to one of the
inventions. If the other invention is made the subject of a divisional application which complies
with the requirements of section 120 it shall be entitled to the benefit of the filing date of the original
application.
」。
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37 CFR 1.141
Different inventions in one national application
Two or more independent and
distinct inventions may not be claimed in one national application, except that more than one species
of an invention, not to exceed a reasonable number, may be specifically claimed in different claims in
one national application, provided the application also includes an allowable claim generic to all the
claimed species and all the claims to species in excess of one arewritten in dependent form
(§
1.75
or otherwise include all the limitations of the generic claim.
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37 CFR 1.143
Reconsideration of requirement
If the applicant disagrees with the requirement for
restriction, he may request reconsideration and withdrawal or modification of the requirement, giving
the reasons therefor.
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