27
本月專題
非傳統商標保護常見問題之探討
104.02 智慧財產權月刊 VOL.194
二、歐盟
歐盟商標條例（
CTMR
）第
4
條
31
指出，任何足以區別不同企業之商品或服
務的標誌，其「足以圖文表示」者，尤其是文字包括個人姓名、設計、字母、
數字、商品的形狀或其包裝皆得成為共同體商標；而歐盟商標指令（
TMD
）第
2
條
32
指出，所謂商標係指任足以「圖文表示」的標誌，包括個人姓名、圖形設
計、文字、數字、還有商品的形狀及商品的包裝（
the shape of goods or of their
packaging
），得藉以區辨商品或服務來源者。因此，商標不限於文字或圖形，只
要該等標誌可用「圖文表示」（
capable of being represented graphically
），且足
以與他人的商標或服務相區別者，皆可成為商標法保護的客體，故識別性成為取
得商標保護的基本要件，而其中「圖文表示」亦為相當重要的條件，此處「圖文
表示」係指以「清楚、明確、完整、容易理解、持久且客觀
33
（
clear, precise, self-
contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable and objective
）」的方式表示。
歐盟原則上對於可註冊商標的種類、態樣並無限制，重要的是能否滿足前述
圖文表示及是否具識別性之要素。同時，基於同業競爭及公眾利益因素考量，歐
盟共同體商標條例（
CTMR
）第
7
條第
1
項（
b
）無識別性、說明性、通用名稱或功
能性的商標應開放予公眾及同業競爭者使用，不得核准註冊；而歐盟共同體商標
條例（
CTMR
）第
7
條第
3
項亦規定，前述不得核准註冊的商標，可藉由使用取得
後天識別性而得以註冊。
31
REGULATIONS COUNCIL REGULATION
（
EC
）
No 207/2009 of 26 February 2009 on the
Community trade mark
Article 4 Signs of which a Community trade mark may consist
A Community trade mark may consist of any signs capable of being represented graphically,
particularly words, including personal names, designs, letters, numerals, the shape of goods or of
their packaging, provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one
undertaking from those of other undertakings.
32
DIRECTIVE 2008/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22
October 2008
Article 2 Signs of which a trade mark may consist
A trade mark may consist of any signs capable of being represented graphically, particularly words,
including personal names, designs, letters, numerals, the shape of goods or of their packaging, provided
that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of
other undertakings.
33
歐洲法院（
Court of Justice
，簡稱
ECJ
）於
Sieckmann
案（
C-273/00
）闡釋了圖文表示要件的具
體內涵。
