智慧財產權月刊227 期

9 /84

106.11 智慧財產權月刊 VOL.227 9
本月專題
美國法院對於角色著作權保護之判斷標準―
研析美國第九巡迴上訴法院 DC Comics v. Towle 一案
ᖭϾՈ௪ഹЪڭᚐࠅ΁{ࡡ௴׌ʘкᓙdνʊՈࡡ௴׌dۆ ೌੱΎл̀͜ࠅఙ౻
ࡡۆਗ਼࿕Ϟϓ஝ٙԉЍરৰഹЪᛆʘ ڭᚐ̮f
二、角色即故事標準（ the story being told test）
ୋɘԚ৙৫جί Warner Bros Pictures.Inc v. Columbia Broadcasting System.Inc 10
ࣩʕ౤̤̈ɓ၇кᓙԉЍ݊щաڭᚐʘࠅ ΁dֻܝীሞ˖ᘠ၈ʘމ˜ԉЍу݂ԫ
ᅺ๟™f༈ᅺ๟ٙlz଄ί׵˜ν༈؈ԉЍ࿴ϓ݂ԫΌႶd͵у༈ԉЍމ݂ԫٙᜳ
჻˴ൿdϾʔঐၾ݂ԫ޴ʱᕎd༈ۆԉЍ̙˸աՑഹЪᛆڭღiШ߰༈ԉЍස݊
ᑺࠑ݂ԫʕٙʈՈ€chessmandਗ਼༈ԉЍၾ݂ԫʱකdԨʔᅂᚤ዆᜗݂ԫٙ˴
ൿd ༈ۆ ԉЍԨʔաഹЪᛆڭღ 11f™
三、極具獨特性標準（ especially distinctive test）
ৰ ࠑۃɚᄿމ ীሞʘᅺ๟̮dୋɘԚ৙ɪൡ ৫جᎇ ܝ ׵ Olson v. National
Broadcasting Co. 12 ɓࣩ€ɨ၈ Olson ࣩdႩ֛ԨהڢϞဘ೥eཥൖᅂණא ཥᅂ
ʕԉЍѩ੻աഹЪᛆڭجᚐdഹЪᛆجසڭᚐ˜฽Ոዹत׌™ʘԉЍf
༺މ˜฽Ոዹत׌™ʘ೻ ܓdOlson ࣩʕˏࠑ Warner Bros., Inc. v. American
Broadcasting Cos. 13 ࣩʕʘሞࠑj˜̔ஷஹᐑဘ೥ԉЍٙœྼ᜗༺ڌ˲ΝࣛՈ௪௴
จٙۜሯd˲޴༰׵˖ኪЪۜٙԉЍɨdһՈ༺ڌٙዹतʩ९d̙աՑഹЪᛆ
ڭج ᚐf™
̤ୋɘԚ৙ɪൡ৫ج׵ DC Comic v Mark Towle 14 ɓࣩʕdˏ͜΋ۃкӔ Rice
10 Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. v. Columbia Broad. Sys., Inc., 216 F.2d 945 (9th Cir.1954).
11 Id. (It is conceivable that the character really constitutes the story being told, but if the character is only
the chessman in the game of telling the story he is not within the area of the protection afforded by the
copyright.)
12 Olson v. National Broadcasting Co., 855 F.2d 1446,1452 (9th Cir. 1988) ( We recognize that cases
subsequent to Warner Bros. have allowed copyright protection for characters who are especially
distinctive. For example, cartoon characters may be afforded copyright protection notwithstanding. See
Warner Bros.)
13 Warner Bros., Inc. v. American Broadcasting Cos., 720 F.2d 231, 239, 240-45 (2d Cir.1983)( "[M]any
literary characters may embody little more than an unprotected idea [while] a comic book character,
which has physical as well as conceptual qualities, is more likely to contain some unique elements of
expression.)
14 DC Comics v. Towle, 802 F.3d 1012, 1015 (9th Cir. 2015). ϤᇐкӔމ͉ࣩ˴ࠅ ઞীʘкӔlz࢙d
༉Ԉ͉˖ୋਞ௅ʱf