智慧財產權月刊227 期

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10 106.11 智慧財產權月刊 VOL.227
本月專題
美國法院對於角色著作權保護之判斷標準―
研析美國第九巡迴上訴法院 DC Comics v. Towle 一案
v. Fox Broadcasting Co. 15 ɓࣩ€ɨ၈ Rice ࣩdႩމԉЍ̀඲ࠅ˜຾̂ʱ૶౸౜ᖭ
˲яତɓ஫̙ᄿ஗፫ᗆٙतᅄ™16d֐༺฽Ոዹत׌ 17dԨˏ̋͜ψή৫ʘ޶ج 18d
̋ψή৫ಀʱй׵ɧࣩк֛ࡩΛזe༗֍౶ᕼᅃʿݾਿڷ຾̂ʱ૶౸౜ᖭ˲яତ
ɓ஫̙ᄿ஗፫ᗆٙतᅄϾաڭᚐfϾܝ ᚃ׵ Halicki Films, LLC v. Sanderson Sales
& Mktg.,19 ɓࣩ€ɨ၈ Halicki ࣩd͵̙Ԉ฽Ոዹत׌ʘၚग़dႩމ ཥᅂ˜Gone
in 60 Seconds™ʕӛԓԉЍ˜ Eleanor™ٙ˜ྼ᜗༺ڌ˲ΝࣛՈ௪฿ׂɪٙۜሯ™d
Ϥ̮dᒱ׵ί 1971 ϋٙࡡ֐و͉א 2000 ϋࠠอשᙲٙو͉ʕ̮ᝈeۨ໮ѩʔΝd
Չतᅄۍ׵Շ௅ᅂ˪ʕяତɓߧ׌e৷፫ܓᗆ׌dආϾတԑ฽Ոዹत׌ᅺ๟dΪ
ϾաഹЪᛆڭᚐf
四、綜合分析
（一）各標準間的關係
Ϟᛠ׵ԉЍᏐνО౜ᖭ༺૶౸ʘ೻ܓd˜૶౸౜ᖭᅺ๟™Ԩೌ౤Զ
ɓࡈ૶ูٙкᓙ๟ۆ 20dဧܝՉ˼೯৫ج࢝ə˜ԉЍу݂ԫʘᅺ๟™f್
Ͼd˜ԉЍу݂ԫʘᅺ๟™޴༰׵˜૶౸౜ᖭᅺ๟™d ۍ ɽష౤৷ԉЍ
ආɝഹЪᛆڭ ᚐʘژᓟdԉЍ݊щ՟੻ڭᚐ̀඲ၡϔഹ݂ԫઋືdྼሯ
ᗭ˸ਗ਼ԉЍዹͭ׵݂ԫ̮Ͼաڭᚐ 21f
15 Rice v. Fox Broadcasting Co., 330 F. 3d 1170 (9th Cir. 2003).
16 DC Comics v. Towle., 802 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2015) (We have held that copyright protection is
available only “for characters that are especially distinctive.” Halicki, 547 F.3d at 1224. To meet this
standard, a character must be “sufficiently delineated” and display “consistent, widely identifiable
traits.” Rice v. Fox Broadcasting Co., 330 F.3d 1170 [9th Cir. 2003]).
17 Rice v. Fox Broadcasting Co., 330 F. 3d 1170 (9th Cir. 2003)(We are not persuaded, however, that the
magician revealing the tricks in The Mystery Magician is somehow sufficiently delineated to warrant
copyright protection. Characters that have received copyright protection have displayed consistent,
widely identifiable traits.)
18 Toho Co., Ltd. v. William Morrow and Co., Inc., 33 F.Supp.2d 1206, 1215 (C.D.Cal.1998) (Godzilla);
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. v. Am. Honda Motor Corp., 900 F.Supp. 1287, 1295-97 (C.D.Cal.1995).
(James Bond); Anderson v. Stallone, 11 USP Q 2d 1161(C.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 1989) (Rocky Balboa).
19 Halicki Films, LLC v. Sanderson Sales & Mktg., 547 F.3d 1213, 1224 (9th Cir.2008) (The Eleanor
character can be seen as more akin to a comic book character than a literary character. Moreover,
Eleanor “display[s] consistent, widely identifiable traits” and is “especially distinctive”).
20 Mark Bartholomew, Protecting the Performers: Setting a New Standard for Character Copyrightability,
41 SANTA CLARA L. REV. 341, 347 (2001).
21 ҽطτd݂ԫԉЍٙୋɚɛ͛jሞഹЪᛆج࿁݂ԫԉЍʘڭᚐd౽ᅆৌପᛆ˜̊ୋ 169 ಂdࠫ
125 d2013 ϋ 1 ˜f