113.4 智慧財產權月刊 VOL.304 15 人工智慧訓練與著作之合法利用 本月專題 如依前項因素全盤考量後，認定係構成合理使用，則著作未發行之事實本身， 不應排除構成合理使用之認定30。」 關於司法機關所強調之「轉化性（transformative）」使用，主要歸類於前述 合理使用要素第1款「利用之目的及性質」中加以考量。 美國最高法院1994於Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music案31 中，曾以「戲謔之作」 係取前人既有著作中之某些要素，創作另一新著作，以批判該既有著作（parody "is the use of some elements of a prior author's composition to create a new one that, at least in part, comments on that author's works."），認定係屬合於著作權法第107條 之「合理使用」，未獲授權仍不構成侵害著作權。 該案中，原告Acuff-Rose 公司為Roy Orbison 與William Dees 所創作之「Oh, Pretty Woman」音樂著作之著作權人。該首歌後來成為茱莉亞羅勃茲與李察基 爾主演「麻雀變鳳凰」主題曲。被告Luther R. Campbell 等人則為知名饒舌合唱 團2 Live Crew歌手，將「Oh, Pretty Woman」改寫成「戲謔仿作」後，翻唱暢 銷。被告Campbell 等原先曾嘗試取得改作的授權，但為原告所拒絕，最後於發 行時，被告有註明其係改作自Roy Orbison 及William Dees 所完成之「Oh, Pretty Woman」，原告為發行公司。當1 年之後，被告Campbell 等之唱片銷售量突破 25萬張時，原告Acuff-Rose 公司對被告提出著作權侵害主張。 30 107.(Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use)： Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include— (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (2) the nature of the copyrighted work; (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors. 31 Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music 510 U.S. 569 (1994).
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